Prevalence of Diabetes-Related Stigma (Percentage of Respondents Who Believe Diabetes Comes With Social Stigma), by Diabetes Type, Management Regimen, and Healthographic and Demographic Factors
| Diabetes Type and Therapy Regimen | Type 1 Diabetes | % (n) | Type 2 Diabetes | % (n) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 76A (1,168) | All | 52D (1,995) | A vs. D <0.0001 B vs. C 0.006 D vs. E 0.0261 D vs. F 0.038 D vs. G <0.0001 | |
| Adults | 74B (1,001) | No insulin | 49E (1,038) | ||
| Parents | 83C (166) | Insulin | 55F (957) | ||
| Pump/MDI | 76 (1,093) | Pump/MDI | 61G (336) |
| Healthographic/Demographic Factors | Type 1 (% [n]) | Type 1 P | Type 2 (% [n]) | Type 2 P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1C ≤7% >7% | 74 (528) 78 (577) | NS | 49 (1,041) 56 (751) | <0.0005 | |
| BMI ≤25 kg/m2 >25 kg/m2 | 75 (422) 74 (542) | NS | 47 (190) 52 (1,792) | 0.033 | |
| Self-reported blood glucose control Not well controlled Neutral Well controlled | 71 (42) 77A (430) 72B (497) | A vs. B 0.028 | 64A (210) 53B (856) 48C (926) | A vs. B <0.0005 A vs. C <0.0005 B vs. C 0.004 | |
| Diabetes duration Diagnosis ≤10 years ago Diagnosis >10 years ago | 84 (397) 72 (771) | <0.0001 | 53 (1,099) 50 (876) | NS | |
| Sex Male Female | 68 (379) 80 (787) | <0.0005 | 43 (638) 57 (1,352) | <0.0005 | |
| Depression Yes No | 78 (160) 74 (811) | NS | 58 (480) 50 (1,515) | <0.0005 | |
| Income <$50,000 ≥$50,000 to <$100,000 ≥$100,000 | 75 (249) 76 (252) 79 (296) | NS | 51 (846) 54 (537) 53 (220) | NS | |
| U.S. Region West Midwest South Northeast | 76 (296) 73 (252) 76 (335) 76 (252) | NS | 53 (397) 51 (511) 52 (688) 51 (379) | NS | |
| Education ≤High school diploma/equivalent Some college or bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree | 73A (143) 74B (675) 80C (342) | B vs. C 0.017 | 47A (291) 52B (1,301) 55C (391) | A vs. B 0.026 A vs. C 0.004 | |